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- $Unique_ID{BRK03874}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ichthyosis, Sjogren Larsson Syndrome}
- $Subject{Ichthyosis, Sjogren Larsson Syndrome DOC 10 (Sjogren-Larsson Type)
- Disorder of Cornification 10 (Sjogren-Larsson Type) Ichthyosis, Spastic
- Neurologic Disorder, Oligophrenia SLS Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Congenita X-Linked
- Ichthyosis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 555:
- Ichthyosis, Sjogren Larsson Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- DOC 10 (Sjogren-Larsson Type)
- Disorder of Cornification 10 (Sjogren-Larsson Type)
- Ichthyosis, Spastic Neurologic Disorder, Oligophrenia
- SLS
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section:
-
- Ichthyosis
- Ichthyosis Congenita
- X-Linked Ichthyosis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Sjogren Larsson Syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by
- scaling skin (ichthyosis), mental retardation, speech abnormalities, and
- spasticity. Affected infants develop various degrees of reddened skin, and
- fine scaling skin. Additionally, larger plate-like thick scales
- (hyperkeratosis) usually develop in the outer skin layer (hyperkeratosis).
- After infancy, skin on the arms, legs and the abdomen often displays dark
- scales and absence of redness. Speech abnormalities and seizures may
- accompany skin symptoms. Approximately half of the children affected with
- this disorder will have degeneration of the pigment in the retina of the
- eyes.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Sjogren Larsson Syndrome usually begin during infancy. This
- disorder is characterized by fine scales on the skin with varying degrees of
- redness. In time, larger thick platelike scales may appear on the skin
- surface. After infancy, one (the flexural) side of the arms and legs are
- affected by dark scaly areas without redness. Speech abnormalities, mental
- retardation and seizures usually occur during the first 2 or 3 years of life.
- Glistening spots in the back portion of the inside of the eyeball (ocular
- fundus) may be an early sign of the disorder.
-
- Causes
-
- Sjogren Larsson Syndrome is a hereditary disorder transmitted through
- autosomal recessive genes. It was first described by doctors Sjogren and
- Larsson who were Swedish physicians. (Human traits including the classic
- genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that
- condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits
- the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene
- and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease,
- but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to
- the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder,
- is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers,
- but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Sjogren Larsson Syndrome is a rare inherited disorder occurring in
- approximately 8.3 out of 100,000 persons in northern Sweden. It is less
- prevalent in the U.S. The disorder affects males and females in equal
- numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Sjogren
- Larsson Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- "Ichthyoses" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
- a group of scaly skin disorders. These skin disorders are characterized by
- an abnormal accumulation of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer of the
- skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells into
- squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of the
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (For more information, choose
- "Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma; Xeroderma; Desquamation of Newborn) is an inherited skin
- disorder. It is characterized by generalized, abnormally red, dry and rough
- skin, with large, coarse scales. Itchiness (pruritus) usually also develops.
- Skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is abnormally thick.
- (For more information, choose "Ichthyosis Congenita" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- X-Linked Ichthyosis is an inherited skin disorder caused by a deficiency
- in the enzyme steroid sulfatase, which affects males. This enzyme deficiency
- leads to biochemical alterations in steroid hormone metabolism. Cholesterol
- sulfate may accumulate in the blood and skin. (For more information, choose
- "X-Linked Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Other forms of Ichthyosis include Netherton Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix,
- Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier Disease, Conradi-Hunermann
- Syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis.
- (Search under each name for more information on that disorder in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Sjogren Larsson Syndrome can be diagnosed before birth by taking a tiny skin
- sample from the fetus and examining this for abnormal cells.
-
- The disorder is treated by applying skin softening (emollient) ointments,
- preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can be especially effective after
- bathing while the skin is still moist. Salicylic acid gel is another
- particularly effective ointment. The skin should be covered at night with an
- airtight, waterproof dressing when this ointment is used. Lactate lotion can
- also be an effective treatment for the dermatologic symptoms of this
- disorder.
-
- Anti-convulsant medications may control seizures. Speech therapy and
- special education services may be helpful. Other treatment is symptomatic
- and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide, and
- etretinate are often effective against symptoms of Sjogren Larsson Syndrome,
- but can cause toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A synthetic
- derivative of Vitamin A, isotretinoin, when taken by pregnant women, can
- cause severe birth defects to the fetus. These Vitamin A compounds have not
- yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of
- Ichthyosis. Clinical improvement has been reported following limitation of
- dietary fat to medium-chain triglycerides.
-
- The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
- looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
- in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
- Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Sherri Bale
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 402-2679
-
- The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
- Sjogren Larsson Syndrome. The product is manufactured by:
-
- Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
- Novato, CA 94949
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
- P.O. Box 20921
- Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
- (919) 782-5728
- (800) 545-3286
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
- ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue
- 5(1)). Pp. 155-178.
-
- THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTATE 12% LOTION IN THE TREATMENT OF
- ICHTHYOSIS. ACTIVE VERSUS VEHICLE AND ACTIVE VERSUS A PETROLEUM CREAM: M.
- Buxman, et al.; Journal Am Acad Dermatol (December 1986: issue 15(6)). Pp.
- 1253-1258.
-
- TREATMENT OF THE ICHTHYOSIS OF THE SJOGREN-LARSSON SYNDROME WITH
- ETRETINATE (TIGASON): S. Jagell, et al.; Acta Derm Venereol (Stockholm)
- (1983: issue 63(1)). Pp. 89-91.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1986. P. 1249.
-
-